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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Pablo Aguilar1,2,3, Thomas Monroe Holland4,5, Sam N Lockhart6

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|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neighborhood walkability is linked to better cognitive function in older adults, but not directly to physical activity or brain structure. Socioeconomic disadvantage, not the built environment, appears to drive physical inactivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Public Health
  • Neuroscience and Cognitive Aging
  • Urban Planning and Environmental Health

Background:

  • Neighborhood environments influence physical activity, a key factor in dementia risk and cognitive health.
  • Older adults at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) were studied to understand environmental impacts on brain health.
  • The U.S. National Walkability Index was used to assess neighborhood built environment characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between neighborhood walkability and cognitive function, brain structure (gray matter, white matter hyperintensities), and lifestyle factors (physical activity, sedentary behavior).
  • To investigate the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and physical activity/sedentary behavior in older adults.
  • To explore these associations in cognitively unimpaired older adults at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Baseline data from 1398 older adults in the U.S. POINTER trial were analyzed.
  • Walkability was categorized using the U.S. National Walkability Index; neighborhood disadvantage was assessed using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI).
  • Cognition (PACC-5), gray matter volume, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), physical activity (CHAMPS), and sedentary behavior (SBQ) were measured and analyzed using regression models.

Main Results:

  • Higher walkability was associated with better cognitive function scores (PACC-5), but not with gray matter volume or white matter hyperintensities.
  • Neighborhood disadvantage was linked to increased sedentary behavior, while walkability was not significantly associated with physical activity or sedentary behavior.
  • More deprived neighborhoods were generally less walkable.

Conclusions:

  • Physical inactivity in deprived areas is more strongly associated with socioeconomic disadvantages than with the built environment's walkability.
  • Walkability did not show a direct association with physical activity levels or brain health measures in this cohort.
  • Further research is needed to understand the health effects of neighborhood disadvantage and walkability, particularly concerning physical inactivity and cognitive aging.