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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Shanshan Wang1, Uyen-Sa Nguyen1, Zhengyang Zhou1

  • 1University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are linked to cognitive decline, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. These associations differ significantly across racial and ethnic groups, highlighting the need for tailored interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Social determinants of health (SDOH) significantly impact health outcomes.
  • Cognitive impairment, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, is a growing public health concern.
  • Racial and ethnic disparities exist in cognitive health and exposure to SDOH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between various social determinants of health (SDOH) and cognitive impairment (MCI and dementia).
  • To determine if these associations differ among Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White populations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Health & Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities (HABS-HD) with 3229 participants.
  • Defined five dimensions of SDOH disadvantages: economic, education, healthcare access, neighborhood, and social.
  • Employed multinomial logistic regression, controlling for age, sex, and APOE4 status.

Main Results:

  • All five dimensions of SDOH disadvantages were associated with increased odds of dementia and MCI.
  • Associations between SDOH disadvantages and dementia were stronger in non-Hispanic Black individuals.
  • Four SDOH disadvantages showed stronger associations with MCI in non-Hispanic White individuals.
  • A dose-response relationship was observed between the number of SDOH disadvantages and cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • A wide spectrum of SDOH is associated with cognitive impairment.
  • The strength of SDOH associations with cognitive impairment varies across racial/ethnic groups.
  • Tailored strategies are necessary to address SDOH and mitigate cognitive health disparities.