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Most risk factors, including demographics and cardiovascular issues, are linked to faster cognitive decline in Indian older adults. These findings support the generalizability of dementia risk factors in India.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Most dementia research originates from Western, high-income countries.
  • Limited data exists on modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline in diverse, lower-income settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify modifiable risk factors associated with cognitive decline in a nationally representative sample of Indian older adults.
  • To assess the generalizability of known dementia risk factors within the Indian population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 6,166 adults aged 60+ from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-DAD) across two waves.
  • Administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery to assess cognitive domains.
  • Evaluated associations between demographic, health, behavioral, and sensory factors and cognitive decline over 6.4 years.

Main Results:

  • Confirmatory factor analyses successfully co-calibrated cognitive measures across study waves.
  • Demographic characteristics and cardiovascular markers were significantly associated with accelerated cognitive decline.
  • Most evaluated risk factors aligned with expected associations with cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

  • Identified risk factors for cognitive decline in India largely align with those found in Western studies.
  • The study provides valuable, generalizable insights into cognitive aging within India.
  • Derived cognitive domain measures can inform future longitudinal research on cognitive aging in India.