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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
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Related Experiment Video

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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Agustin Ibanez1

  • 1BrainLat Institute, Santiago, Santiago, Chile; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF); & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland.

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Summary

This research integrates brain imaging and global health data to reveal how socioeconomic factors impact brain aging. It highlights disparities in brain age and proposes biobehavioral clocks for broader brain health interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Global Health
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Brain health research is advancing beyond biophysical models to integrate environmental and socioeconomic factors.
  • Three studies synthesized findings from biophysical modeling (EEG, fMRI) and biobehavioral clocks to address global health disparities.
  • Brain age gaps (BAGs) were investigated across diverse populations, revealing significant disparities influenced by geography, income, and education.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize findings from biophysical and biobehavioral models of brain aging.
  • To investigate the influence of socioeconomic and environmental factors on brain age.
  • To develop broader frameworks for understanding and addressing global brain health disparities.

Main Methods:

  • EEG source-space connectivity and generative modeling to identify neural mechanisms of aging and dementia.

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  • Multimodal MRI data and machine learning (support vector machine regressor) to predict brain age and regional disparities.
  • Machine learning analysis of cognitive, cardiometabolic, and exposome data from a global cohort to calculate biobehavioral clocks.

    • Main Results:

    • Biophysical models identified hyperexcitability and structural disintegration in healthy aging, and hypoexcitability in dementia.
    • Accelerated brain aging was linked to lower income, lower education, and specific geographic regions (e.g., South vs. North, Latin America vs. USA).
    • Biobehavioral clocks revealed protective factors (education, cognition) delay aging, while risk factors (sensory impairment, gender inequality) accelerate it, with faster aging in low-income regions.

    Conclusions:

    • This synthesis bridges biophysical and biobehavioral models, moving from mechanistic precision to global applicability.
    • Biophysical models elucidate neural mechanisms, while biobehavioral clocks integrate environmental and socioeconomic contexts.
    • Biobehavioral clocks offer a framework to address disparities, inform interventions, and shape global brain health policies.