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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Carrie B Peltz1,2, Jennifer S Albrecht3, Amber L Bahorik4

  • 1NCIRE-The Veterans Health Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

The relationship between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and dementia is bidirectional. Older adults with TBI show three times higher dementia incidence before injury and even higher rates after TBI.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and dementia increases with age.
  • TBI is linked to a higher risk of dementia, but the relationship's bidirectional nature is understudied.
  • This study investigates dementia incidence in older adults before and after acute TBI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine dementia incidence rates in older adults before and after an acute TBI.
  • To assess the bidirectional relationship between TBI and dementia in a veteran population.
  • To compare dementia rates in TBI patients versus a non-TBI control group.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Veterans Health Administration data (10/1/1999-9/30/2021) to identify Veterans aged ≥55 with acute TBI.
  • Matched TBI cases (n=13,801) 3:1 with a non-TBI comparison group (n=41,403) based on demographics and visit dates.
  • Calculated incident dementia rates per 1000 person-years, comparing pre- and post-TBI periods and the non-TBI group.

Main Results:

  • Veterans with acute TBI had significantly higher dementia incidence pre-TBI (58.1/1000 person-years) versus the non-TBI group (18.5/1000 person-years), an IRR of 3.1.
  • Dementia incidence increased post-TBI (72.3/1000 person-years) compared to pre-TBI (IRR 1.24).
  • The average age was 77.8 years, with 96.5% males in the TBI cohort.

Conclusions:

  • The TBI-dementia link is bidirectional, with elevated dementia risk preceding TBI.
  • Dementia incidence is substantially higher in older adults following an acute TBI.
  • Recommend TBI prevention for older adults with dementia and monitoring post-TBI.