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Public Health.

Teresa Liu-Ambrose1

  • 1Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Aging SMART, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Targeted exercise, including aerobic and resistance training, can improve cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study investigated the effects of different exercise types and combinations on cognition and potential biological mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Targeted exercise training is a promising strategy for cognitive function and dementia prevention in older adults.
  • Aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT) benefit cognition in non-impaired older adults, but research on RT and combined AT/RT in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is limited.
  • MCI is a prodromal stage for dementia, necessitating research into effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the individual and combined effects of AT and RT on cognitive function in older adults with MCI.
  • To explore potential underlying biological mechanisms of exercise-induced cognitive benefits.
  • To provide insights into optimal exercise prescription for MCI to delay dementia.

Main Methods:

  • A 6-month, 2x2 factorial randomized controlled trial involving 226 community-dwelling older adults (65-85 years) with MCI.
  • Participants were randomized into four groups: balance and tone (BAT) active control, combined AT+RT, AT+BAT, or RT+BAT.
  • Primary outcome: Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive-Plus. Secondary outcomes: cognitive function, quality of life, physical function, and actigraphy.

Main Results:

  • The study aimed to establish the efficacy of different exercise interventions for cognitive decline in MCI.
  • It sought to identify the most beneficial exercise type (what), moderators like sex differences (for whom), and mechanisms (how).

Conclusions:

  • Establishing exercise efficacy for MCI can advance the use of exercise as medicine to treat MCI and delay dementia.
  • This trial offers insights into exercise types, beneficial for individuals with MCI, and underlying mechanisms.