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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Osamu Katayama1, Ryo Yamaguchi1, Daiki Yamagiwa1

  • 1National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool effectively identifies mild cognitive impairment, a key step in preventing dementia. This tool aids early dementia risk detection in older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is crucial for dementia prevention.
  • The National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool (NCGG-FAT) was developed to objectively assess MCI based on age and education.
  • This study investigates the link between NCGG-FAT's 1.5 standard deviation (SD) cut-off points and dementia incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the relationship between specific cognitive test performance (1.5 SD decline) on the NCGG-FAT and the subsequent risk of developing dementia.
  • To validate the NCGG-FAT as a screening tool for early dementia risk identification in community-dwelling older adults.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal analysis of 2,441 participants without dementia at baseline.
  • Five-year follow-up monitoring dementia onset using health insurance records.
  • Cognitive function assessed using the NCGG-FAT and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Main Results:

  • During the 5-year period, 241 participants (9.9%) developed dementia.
  • The incidence rate of dementia was 21.7 per 1000 person-years.
  • A decline of 1.5 SD or more in specific NCGG-FAT tests (e.g., backward digit span, SDST) significantly increased dementia risk (Hazard Ratios ranging from 1.37 to 3.22).
  • Certain cognitive states identified by NCGG-FAT (e.g., naMCIm, GCI) were associated with significantly higher dementia risk (Hazard Ratios ranging from 1.55 to 2.92).

Conclusions:

  • The NCGG-FAT demonstrates effectiveness in screening for dementia risk.
  • The tool aids in the early detection of cognitive decline that may precede dementia in older adults.
  • Objective cognitive assessment using NCGG-FAT is valuable for identifying individuals at higher risk for dementia.