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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

1.9K
Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
Parish nursing is a growing specialty nursing profession that focuses on holistic healthcare, health promotion, and illness prevention. It blends professional nursing practice with a health ministry, focusing on health and healing within the context of a Christian community. Parish nurses serve as health educators, referral sources,...
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Jessica Zk Caldwell1

  • 1Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Midlife women received personalized recommendations, reducing dementia risk factors over one year. However, postmenopausal women and those with higher baseline risks showed persistent memory concerns, indicating a need for further research.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Public Health
  • Gerontology and Women's Health

Background:

  • Modifiable factors contribute to 45% of dementia cases, with midlife being a key period for risk reduction.
  • Limited research exists on modifiable dementia risks specifically in women, particularly concerning midlife and menopause.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess menopause stage, dementia risk, and memory in women at baseline and one year after receiving risk reduction recommendations.
  • To investigate the relationship between modifiable dementia risk factors, menopause, and cognitive function in midlife women.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 280 women at baseline and 96 at one year, with a family history of dementia.
  • Calculation of total dementia risk scores based on education, medical history (cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, etc.), lifestyle (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity), and BMI.

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  • Assessment of menopause stage via self-report and STRAW criteria, with memory evaluated using standard tests; supplementary analyses included stress, cognitive activity, and sleep apnea.

    • Main Results:

    • Common baseline risks included depression, stress, high cholesterol, and BMI > 30; high blood pressure emerged as a risk by year one.
    • Women showed reduced total risk scores after one year of intervention (p < .001).
    • Higher baseline risk scores were marginally associated with poorer verbal learning and memory at year one; postmenopausal women exhibited worse baseline memory.

    Conclusions:

    • Personalized lifestyle recommendations effectively reduced vascular and psychosocial dementia risk factors in women over one year.
    • Memory deficits observed in postmenopausal women and those with higher baseline risks highlight the need for targeted interventions.
    • Further research is required to develop effective strategies for mitigating dementia risk and preserving memory in at-risk midlife women.