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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Natan Feter1,2, Bruce Duncan3, David A Raichlen2

  • 1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

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|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sedentary behavior (SB) context matters for cognitive health. Mentally active SB, like work screen time, may protect cognition, while leisure screen time might increase decline risk. Physical activity (PA) may buffer negative effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Sedentary behavior (SB) is linked to cognitive decline.
  • Mentally active SB and physical activity (PA) may offer cognitive protection.
  • Understanding context-specific SB and PA effects on cognition is crucial for aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between context-specific SB (work vs. leisure screen time) and PA with cognitive decline.
  • To examine how different types of SB and PA levels influence cognitive function over a 4-year period.
  • To determine if PA mitigates the negative cognitive impact of SB in middle-aged and older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the Estudo Longitudinal de Saude do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) study (N=5,795).
  • Assessment of leisure PA using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).
  • Categorization of SB based on screen time context (work/study vs. leisure) and mental activity.
  • Evaluation of global and domain-specific cognitive function at baseline and 4-year follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Increased leisure screen time correlated with higher cognitive impairment risk and faster memory decline.
  • Increased work/study screen time was associated with slower decline in global cognition, memory, language, and executive function.
  • High PA levels did not show a significant association with higher cognitive impairment risk in individuals with high leisure screen time or high work screen time.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between SB and cognitive decline is context-dependent.
  • Mentally passive SB, particularly leisure screen time, may negatively impact cognitive health.
  • Physical activity appears to mitigate the adverse effects of sedentary behavior on cognitive decline.