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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
Parish nursing is a growing specialty nursing profession that focuses on holistic healthcare, health promotion, and illness prevention. It blends professional nursing practice with a health ministry, focusing on health and healing within the context of a Christian community. Parish nurses serve as health educators, referral sources,...
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Roland J Thorpe1, Boeun Kim2, Keith E Whitfield3

  • 1Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older Black men show faster cognitive decline than White men, highlighting disparities in cognitive aging. This suggests a need for targeted interventions to support cognitive health in minority aging populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Life course exposure to hazards accelerates aging in minoritized groups, impacting cognitive aging.
  • Racial disparities in cognitive aging among older men are not well understood.
  • This study investigates racial differences in cognitive function and its changes over time in Black and White men.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine racial disparities in baseline cognitive function among older men.
  • To analyze racial differences in the rate of cognitive change over time.
  • To inform policies addressing cognitive health inequalities in late adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) (2011-2021).
  • Included 577 Black men and 1972 White men aged 65+ without dementia at baseline.
  • Assessed cognitive function using a composite score (orientation, executive function, memory) and analyzed trajectories with multilevel models, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • At baseline, Black men scored 1.14 points lower in cognitive function than White men (adjusted).
  • Black men experienced an additional annual cognitive decline of 0.12 points compared to White men (adjusted).
  • These findings indicate accelerated cognitive aging in older Black men relative to White men.

Conclusions:

  • Older Black men may experience faster cognitive aging than older White men.
  • Racial disparities in cognitive aging are evident in late adulthood.
  • Policies and interventions should prioritize addressing these disparities to promote cognitive health.