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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

John H Kanter1, L Grisell Diaz-Ramirez1, Kristine Yaffe2,3

  • 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in older adults (OA) is linked to a higher risk of developing dementia. Early cognitive screening and interventions are crucial for OA with TBI to mitigate cognitive decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Investigating the link between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cognitive decline in older adults (OA).
  • Utilizing the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) dataset for a nationally representative analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between incident TBI and cognitive outcomes in OA.
  • To compare dementia development over time in OA with and without a history of TBI.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of community-dwelling OA aged 65+ from 2000-2018.
  • TBI cases identified via Medicare diagnosis codes; matched 1:1 with non-TBI controls.
  • Fine and Gray competing risk regression models used; dementia defined algorithmically and by Medicare codes.

Main Results:

  • 1576 OA included; 363 (22.4%) developed dementia.
  • TBI associated with a ~60% increased hazard of dementia (sHR=1.50-1.57).
  • Increased dementia risk persisted in sensitivity analyses using Medicare dementia codes.

Conclusions:

  • Incident TBI in OA may increase the risk of subsequent dementia.
  • Highlights the need for early cognitive screening and interventions for OA with TBI.
  • Recommends further research into TBI's cognitive decline mechanisms and influencing factors.