Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

1.9K
Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
1.9K
Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

14.1K
Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
14.1K
Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

1.8K
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
1.8K
Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

433
Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
433
Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

1000
There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
Parish nursing is a growing specialty nursing profession that focuses on holistic healthcare, health promotion, and illness prevention. It blends professional nursing practice with a health ministry, focusing on health and healing within the context of a Christian community. Parish nurses serve as health educators, referral sources,...
1000
Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

3.9K
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Human sex-specific hormone effects on cerebrovascular health in males and females.

Mechanisms of ageing and development·2026
Same author

Coronary Artery Disease Is Linked with Demyelination and Iron Deposition in White Matter Watershed Areas.

Aging and disease·2026
Same author

Distinct Grey Matter Alterations in Untreated Mild to Moderate Chronic Low Back Pain: A Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

European journal of pain (London, England)·2026
Same author

Maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy is associated specifically with larger hypothalamic volumes at 12 years of age.

Journal of developmental origins of health and disease·2026
Same author

Cardiorespiratory fitness in relation to cerebral vascular and metabolic health in older adults with coronary artery disease.

GeroScience·2026
Same author

Greater cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with higher cerebral blood flow and lower oxygen extraction fraction in healthy older adults.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2026
Same journal

Evidence for progressive neurodegeneration in iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Human brain connectome profiles mediate the relationship between pathology burden and clinical phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Kat5 cKO mouse replicates biological domain signatures associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Evaluation of CSF and plasma tau species as fluid surrogate candidates for tau PET in prodromal to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Associations of self-reported obstructive sleep apnea with cognition and dementia risk in cognitively unimpaired middle-aged adults.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Inflammation profiles in Alzheimer's disease relate to cognition and neurodegeneration.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
10:57

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children

Published on: August 22, 2012

24.2K

Public Health.

Brittany Intzandt1,2, Zacharie Potvin-Jutras3,4,5, Kevin Whittingstall6

  • 1Dr. Sandra E. Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sex hormones impact brain blood flow differently in men and women across age groups. Understanding these sex- and age-specific relationships is key for developing hormone-based dementia prevention strategies.

More Related Videos

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
09:33

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Published on: December 23, 2022

2.6K
Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

37.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
10:57

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children

Published on: August 22, 2012

24.2K
Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
09:33

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Published on: December 23, 2022

2.6K
Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

37.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Declining sex hormones with aging affect cerebrovascular health, a dementia risk factor.
  • Early menopause is a significant dementia risk factor.
  • Estradiol benefits female vasculature and brain health, but its cerebrovascular effects are understudied; testosterone's role in males is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sex- and life stage-specific associations between circulating sex hormones and cerebrovascular health markers.
  • To understand how estradiol and testosterone influence cerebral blood flow (CBF), arterial transit time (ATT), and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in relation to aging and menopausal status.

Main Methods:

  • 187 females (reproductive, perimenopausal, postmenopausal) and 157 males (younger, older) were recruited.
  • Cerebrovascular health was assessed using MRI to quantify CBF, ATT, and CVR.
  • Circulating sex hormone levels were measured, and statistical analyses (ANCOVA, polynomial regressions) were performed.

Main Results:

  • In females, estradiol showed inverse relationships with ATT in perimenopausal individuals, while testosterone had negative associations with CBF and CVR in postmenopausal women.
  • Testosterone exhibited a U-shaped relationship with CVR in reproductive females.
  • In males, testosterone correlated positively with CBF in younger individuals, whereas estradiol inversely correlated with CBF in older males.

Conclusions:

  • Sex hormones have distinct, stage- and sex-specific effects on cerebrovascular health indicators (CBF, ATT, CVR).
  • Estradiol generally supported cerebrovascular health, while testosterone showed mixed effects, potentially detrimental in postmenopausal females but beneficial in younger males.
  • These findings highlight the potential for tailored hormone-based interventions to mitigate dementia risk.