Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

1.9K
Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
1.9K
Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

14.1K
Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
14.1K
Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

1.8K
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
1.8K
Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

433
Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
433
Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

1000
There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
Parish nursing is a growing specialty nursing profession that focuses on holistic healthcare, health promotion, and illness prevention. It blends professional nursing practice with a health ministry, focusing on health and healing within the context of a Christian community. Parish nurses serve as health educators, referral sources,...
1000
Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

3.9K
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Aging and metabolism contribute separately to brain-body health.

PLoS biology·2026
Same author

Amyloid and tau pathologies are drivers of white matter damage in aging and Alzheimer's disease.

GeroScience·2026
Same author

Data-driven subtyping and staging of ALS: A multicenter, longitudinal, deformation-based morphometry study.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

EXPRESS: Effects of prolonged fixation on vascular biomarkers in postmortem human brains.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2026
Same author

Intracranial volume: To adjust or not to adjust? It is not a matter of if, but how.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Education, Cognitive Reserve, and Brain Pathology in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence from Preclinical and Symptomatic Cohorts.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same journal

Evidence for progressive neurodegeneration in iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Human brain connectome profiles mediate the relationship between pathology burden and clinical phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Kat5 cKO mouse replicates biological domain signatures associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Evaluation of CSF and plasma tau species as fluid surrogate candidates for tau PET in prodromal to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Associations of self-reported obstructive sleep apnea with cognition and dementia risk in cognitively unimpaired middle-aged adults.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Inflammation profiles in Alzheimer's disease relate to cognition and neurodegeneration.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
10:57

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children

Published on: August 22, 2012

24.2K

Public Health.

Shima Raeesi1, Cassandra Morrison2, Mahsa Dadar3,4

  • 1McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher education is linked to fewer vascular risks and less white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden, particularly in White and Black individuals. However, the association between education and specific risk factors varies across racial groups, indicating disparities in health outcomes.

More Related Videos

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
09:33

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Published on: December 23, 2022

2.6K
Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

37.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
10:57

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children

Published on: August 22, 2012

24.2K
Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
09:33

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Published on: December 23, 2022

2.6K
Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

37.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Education is a known factor in mitigating Alzheimer's dementia (AD) risk.
  • Education may influence cognitive decline by affecting vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular pathology, such as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs).
  • Understanding racial disparities in education and health outcomes is crucial due to varying prevalence of vascular risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between education and vascular risk factors.
  • To examine the association between education and cerebrovascular pathology markers (WMHs and infarcts).
  • To explore potential racial disparities in these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 42,668 participants (aged 55+) from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) across diverse racial backgrounds.
  • Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the relationship between education and vascular risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, BMI), WMHs, and lacunar infarcts.
  • Covariates included age, sex, and diagnostic status (cognitively normal, MCI, AD).

Main Results:

  • Higher education was significantly associated with lower rates of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking across most racial groups.
  • Associations between education and specific vascular risk factors varied by race; for example, Black individuals showed significant relationships for all factors except blood pressure.
  • Higher education was linked to a lower WMH burden in White and Black individuals, but no significant relationship was found between education and lacunar infarcts in any group.

Conclusions:

  • Higher education generally shows a negative association with vascular risk factors across all racial groups.
  • The impact of education on vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular disease markers exhibits racial disparities.
  • While education is beneficial for health outcomes, its influence is not uniform across different racial populations.