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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

1.9K
Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
Parish nursing is a growing specialty nursing profession that focuses on holistic healthcare, health promotion, and illness prevention. It blends professional nursing practice with a health ministry, focusing on health and healing within the context of a Christian community. Parish nurses serve as health educators, referral sources,...
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children

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Public Health.

Zimu Wu1

  • 1Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cardiometabolic health factors like body mass index and waist circumference decline up to ten years before dementia diagnosis. These changes may offer opportunities for early detection and intervention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Cardiometabolic health is a known risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia.
  • Understanding pre-diagnostic changes in cardiometabolic factors is crucial for dementia research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the longitudinal trajectories of cardiometabolic factors in the years preceding dementia diagnosis.
  • To compare these trajectories with those of individuals without dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 19,114 community-dwelling older adults in Australia and the US.
  • Matched 1,078 dementia cases with 4,312 controls.
  • Analyzed repeated measures of BMI, WC, blood pressure, glucose, lipids, and triglycerides over 11 years using mixed-effects models.

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Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
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Main Results:

  • Dementia cases showed lower BMI and waist circumference (WC) up to a decade before diagnosis, with a faster decline over time.
  • Higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were observed in cases, particularly 3-5 years pre-diagnosis, followed by a decline.
  • Lower systolic blood pressure and triglycerides, and higher LDL and total cholesterol were noted in cases, but differences were minor and not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Significant cardiometabolic changes, including declining BMI, WC, and altered HDL, precede dementia diagnosis by up to ten years.
  • These findings highlight potential biomarkers for early dementia detection and intervention.