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Public Health.

Elizabeth Muñoz1, Lourdes S Romañach Álvarez1, Jean Choi1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neighborhood disadvantage in early life and midlife impacts cognitive function, particularly processing speed and spatial abilities. Both early-life and current neighborhood environments are crucial for understanding cognitive health trajectories.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental health
  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Lifespan psychology

Background:

  • Life course environmental contexts significantly influence cognitive function.
  • Neighborhood disadvantage during early-life and midlife may impair cognitive abilities.
  • Subtle midlife cognitive changes can signal early neurocognitive impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the independent and joint associations between early-life and concurrent neighborhood disadvantage with specific midlife cognitive abilities.
  • Investigate how neighborhood deprivation affects cognitive function across the lifespan.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 1,141 CATSLife participants with address data from infancy and early midlife.
  • Geocoded addresses and linked with Census data to calculate Area Deprivation Index (ADI) for early-life and current periods.
  • Employed Generalized Estimating Equations to assess ADI effects on cognitive abilities (verbal, memory, spatial, processing speed), controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Early-life and current neighborhood disadvantage were independently linked to poorer processing speed.
  • Current neighborhood disadvantage was associated with lower spatial functioning, independent of early-life conditions.
  • No significant associations were found for memory or verbal abilities, nor significant interactions between early-life and current ADI.

Conclusions:

  • Both early-life and current neighborhood deprivation are independently associated with reduced processing speed.
  • Current neighborhood deprivation uniquely predicts poorer spatial functioning, highlighting the importance of ongoing environmental exposures.
  • Findings emphasize the need to consider cumulative and concurrent neighborhood effects on cognitive trajectories.