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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Daniel Arnold1, João Pedro Ferrari-Souza2, Rodrigo C Barros3

  • 1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying modifiable risk factors like depression, low education, and diabetes is key to preventing mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Stratifying these factors helps target interventions for individuals at higher risk of MCI.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Identifying risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is crucial for effective prevention strategies.
  • This study stratifies modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in a cognitively unimpaired (CU) population to predict MCI onset.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To stratify eleven modifiable and two non-modifiable risk factors in a cognitively unimpaired population.
  • To predict the onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on these risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) data (2005-2023) from 46 Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs).
  • Evaluation of eleven modifiable risk factors (hearing loss, hypertension, BMI, depression, visual loss, education, hyperlipidemia, TBI, alcohol abuse, smoking, diabetes) and two non-modifiable factors (age, gender).
  • Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used for risk stratification, grouping factors into low-risk and high-risk categories.

Main Results:

  • Included 12,322 cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, with 2,655 converting to MCI.
  • Increased hazard ratios (HRs) for MCI onset were observed across increasing quartiles of risk factors (Q2: 1.33, Q3: 1.33, Q4: 1.36).
  • Key modifiable contributors to MCI progression included depression (HR 1.86), low education (HR 1.30), alcohol abuse (HR 1.20), and diabetes (HR 1.21). Age increased risk (HR 1.06), while female gender was protective (HR 0.83).

Conclusions:

  • Risk factor stratification reveals heterogeneity in MCI risk, influenced by modifiable and non-modifiable factors.
  • Depression, low education, and diabetes emerged as the most significant contributors to MCI progression.
  • Targeted interventions for high-risk individuals, focusing on modifiable factors, are recommended for MCI prevention.