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Public Health.

Xiuxiu Huang1, Chengfengyi Yang2, Shifang Zhang2

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Summary

Optimizing daily movement behaviors, like increasing moderate-to-high physical activity, is linked to better cognitive function in older adults at risk for dementia. Replacing sedentary time or sleep with physical activity shows cognitive benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cognitive decline is a growing concern in aging populations, particularly among those at risk for dementia.
  • Understanding modifiable lifestyle factors, such as daily movement patterns, is crucial for maintaining cognitive health.
  • 24-hour movement behaviors (24HMB) encompass sleep, sedentary time, and physical activity, all potentially influencing cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the time reallocation of 24-hour movement behaviors (24HMB) and cognitive function.
  • To examine how changes in the composition of sleep, sedentary time, and physical activity impact cognition in older adults at risk for dementia.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study design was employed, recruiting community-dwelling older adults at risk for dementia.
  • Global cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale.
  • 24HMB was objectively measured using wrist-worn ActiGraph devices over seven consecutive days, analyzed with compositional regression and isotemporal substitution models.

Main Results:

  • Compositional regression analysis indicated a positive association between time spent in moderate-to-high physical activities and global cognition, even after adjusting for covariates.
  • Isotemporal substitution modeling demonstrated that substituting 10-30 minutes of sedentary time or sleep with moderate-to-high physical activities was linked to improved cognitive performance.
  • No other significant associations between 24HMB time-use composition and cognitive function were identified.

Conclusions:

  • The composition of 24-hour movement behaviors, specifically the allocation of time to moderate-to-high physical activities, is significantly associated with cognitive function in older adults at risk for dementia.
  • Shifting time from sedentary behaviors and sleep towards moderate-to-high physical activities may offer a beneficial strategy for enhancing cognitive function in this population.