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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Che-Sheng Chu1, Chih-Sung Liang2, Mu-Hong Chen3

  • 1Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elderly patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) taking antidepressants face an increased risk of dementia. Antidepressant-resistant depression significantly elevates this risk compared to responsive depression and controls.

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Conflicting evidence exists regarding the association between antidepressant use in elderly patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and the risk of dementia.
  • Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between antidepressant use, treatment resistance, and the risk of developing various types of dementia in elderly patients with MDD.
  • To compare dementia risk between antidepressant-resistant MDD, antidepressant-responsive MDD, and control groups.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based cohort study utilizing the Taiwan Nationwide Health Insurance Research Database.
  • Enrolled 30,390 MDD patients and 24,312 matched controls (2002-2004), followed until 2013.
  • Stratified MDD patients into antidepressant-resistant (6,078) and antidepressant-responsive (24,312) groups; identified dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) diagnoses.

Main Results:

  • Both antidepressant-resistant and antidepressant-responsive MDD patients showed higher risks of any dementia, AD, VaD, and unspecified dementia compared to controls.
  • Antidepressant-resistant depression significantly increased the risk of any dementia (HR 13.02) and unspecified dementia (HR 12.81) compared to antidepressant-responsive depression (HR 7.70 and 7.33, respectively).
  • Patients resistant to SSRIs only or both SSRIs and non-SSRIs exhibited consistently higher dementia risks than the antidepressant-responsive group.

Conclusions:

  • Antidepressant use in elderly patients with MDD is associated with an elevated risk of dementia.
  • Antidepressant resistance in MDD is a significant risk factor for developing dementia, including AD and VaD.
  • Findings highlight the importance of monitoring dementia risk in elderly MDD patients, particularly those with treatment-resistant depression.