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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
Parish nursing is a growing specialty nursing profession that focuses on holistic healthcare, health promotion, and illness prevention. It blends professional nursing practice with a health ministry, focusing on health and healing within the context of a Christian community. Parish nurses serve as health educators, referral sources,...
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Jennifer J Manly1,2, Benjamin D Huber2, Miguel Arce Rentería2

  • 1Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parental history of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is linked to offspring cognitive decline. Socioeconomic factors, not genetics or biomarkers, significantly explain this association, highlighting potential intervention points.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Investigating the link between midlife cognition and parental Alzheimer's disease (AD) history in diverse populations (Black, White, Latinx) is crucial for understanding cognitive aging disparities.
  • Directly measuring parental cognitive status is essential to mitigate bias from underdiagnosis of AD and related dementias (ADRD) in minoritized groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of parental AD/MCI history on offspring cognitive function in middle age.
  • To determine if genetic, biomarker, cardiovascular, or socioeconomic factors mediate the relationship between parental cognitive impairment and offspring cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Washington Heights Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) including 1124 parents and 1799 offspring.
  • Assessed parental diagnoses (normal cognition, AD, MCI) and offspring cognitive domains (executive function, language, speed/attention, memory) using neuropsychological testing.
  • Employed regression analyses to examine associations, controlling for covariates and exploring mediation by parental/offspring characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Offspring of parents with AD/MCI exhibited poorer performance in speed/attention, language, and memory.
  • Parental education and income significantly attenuated the effect of parental AD/MCI on offspring cognition by approximately 50%.
  • Genetic, biomarker, and cardiovascular factors in parents or offspring did not explain the observed association.

Conclusions:

  • Parental socioeconomic position is a key factor influencing the association between parental AD/MCI and offspring cognitive function.
  • Findings underscore the importance of socioeconomic determinants in cognitive aging and dementia risk across diverse populations.