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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
Parish nursing is a growing specialty nursing profession that focuses on holistic healthcare, health promotion, and illness prevention. It blends professional nursing practice with a health ministry, focusing on health and healing within the context of a Christian community. Parish nurses serve as health educators, referral sources,...
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
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Public Health.

Muhammad Safiullah1, Muhammad Imaz Bhatti1, Muhammad Atif Bashir1

  • 1King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The global burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias is increasing, particularly in high-income nations, driven by factors like high glucose and BMI. Females consistently show higher rates, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease and dementia represent significant global health challenges with increasing prevalence.
  • The socio-economic impact of these conditions is substantial and growing worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the global burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADOD) from 1990 to 2021.
  • To examine trends in mortality, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
  • To assess regional variations and identify key risk factors across different Sustainable Development Index (SDI) regions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021.
  • Estimated incidence, mortality rates, and DALYs for ADOD.
  • Employed estimated annual percentage changes (APCs) and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) to quantify temporal trends from 1990 to 2021.

Main Results:

  • Globally, age-standardized death rates for ADOD remained relatively constant, but exhibited fluctuations over time.
  • Age-standardized DALY and incidence rates fluctuated, with a notable rise in incidence from 2019 to 2021.
  • High-SDI countries bear the highest burden, linked to elevated fasting plasma glucose and BMI; females consistently show higher rates across all metrics.

Conclusions:

  • The global burden of ADOD is steadily increasing, with high-SDI countries disproportionately affected.
  • Modifiable risk factors such as elevated fasting plasma glucose and BMI are key drivers of the disease burden.
  • Urgent, targeted prevention strategies are needed globally, especially considering the consistently higher rates observed in females.