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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Vincent Doyon1, Félix Janelle2, Samantha Côté1

  • 1Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.

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|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vascular narrowing of the anterior choroidal artery (AChA) is linked to increased tau levels and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Maintaining AChA health may be crucial for halting AD progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Biology
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Pathological tau accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to spread similarly to prions.
  • The initial seeding of tau pathology in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) remains unclear.
  • Vascular factors, including reduced cerebral blood flow and arterial narrowing, are associated with tau burden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that narrowing of MTL arteries contributes to tau levels and cognitive decline in AD.
  • To explore the specific role of the anterior choroidal artery (AChA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in AD pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of tau burden and MTL artery diameter (AChA, PCA) in healthy and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) cohorts using PET and MRI.
  • Evaluation of the association between AChA diameter and cognitive decline progression in MCI patients.
  • Assessment of AChA and PCA perfusion patterns in the MTL using super-selective arterial spin labelling (SS-ASL) MRI in healthy participants.

Main Results:

  • A negative correlation was found between AChA lumen diameter and amygdala tau levels in the OASIS dataset.
  • AChA diameter was the sole predictor of cognitive decline progression among Circle of Willis arteries in the MCI cohort.
  • SS-ASL data indicated that the amygdala's blood supply is predominantly from the AChA, supporting the link between AChA narrowing and regional tau pathology.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents the first evidence of an artery-specific impact of vascular narrowing on key AD features.
  • Vascular health of the AChA appears critical for potentially halting AD progression.
  • The selective vulnerability of the MTL to tau pathology may stem partly from compromised AChA blood supply.