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Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Drug Use and Cancer Risk: Protocol for an Overview of Systematic Reviews and
Joan Vicent Sánchez-Ortí1,2,3,4, Jaume Forés-Martos1,2,4,5, Vui Doan5
1Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
JMIR Research Protocols
|December 23, 2025
Summary
This review synthesizes evidence on how antipsychotics and antidepressants affect cancer risk. Findings will clarify the relationship between these common medications and cancer incidence and mortality.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry and Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Antipsychotics and antidepressants are frequently prescribed for CNS disorders.
- Previous studies suggest these drugs may influence cancer risk, with some indicating decreased incidence and mortality.
- However, data on specific cancer types show conflicting results, necessitating further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a comprehensive review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the influence of antipsychotic and antidepressant exposure on cancer incidence and mortality.
- To synthesize existing evidence and identify potential variations in study findings.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses will be conducted.
- Searches will cover PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
- A large language model (GPT-4o) will assist in data extraction and selection, with human validation.
Main Results:
- Literature searches are planned until September 2025.
- No results are currently available; expected publication of findings in 2026.
- The review will extract summary association measures and analyze subgroup/sensitivity analyses.
Conclusions:
- This study will provide an updated synthesis of cancer risk associated with antipsychotic and antidepressant use.
- Factors contributing to study variations will be examined.
- Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
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