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Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Jeong Ho Han1, Heewon Bae2, Eun Joo Choi3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South).

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is linked to increased brain atrophy, suggesting a higher risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This eye condition may serve as an early predictor for AD development.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome involves extracellular material accumulation in the eye.
  • Amyloid, a component found in PEX material, is also implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.
  • Amyloid deposition in AD leads to brain atrophy, prompting investigation into a similar link with PEX.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between Pseudoexfoliation syndrome and brain atrophy.
  • To determine if PEX syndrome is linked to an increased incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 48 PEX patients and 48 controls (Jan 2015 - Aug 2021).
  • PEX patients were categorized into groups with or without glaucoma.
  • Brain atrophy assessed via visual rating scale; AD incidence and MMSE scores were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher rates of medial temporal, global cortical, and parietal atrophy observed in the PEX group compared to controls (p < 0.05).
  • No significant difference in brain atrophy between PEX syndrome and PEX glaucoma groups.
  • Alzheimer's disease incidence was higher in the PEX group (16 participants) than in the control group (5 participants).

Conclusions:

  • Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is associated with brain atrophy, indicating a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
  • PEX glaucoma patients may represent more advanced stages of AD.
  • PEX syndrome may serve as a predictor for the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.