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Brain arteriolosclerosis, a condition common in older adults, is linked to reduced middle temporal gyrus volume. This neurodegenerative change occurs independently of other brain pathologies, highlighting a significant impact on brain macrostructure.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Brain arteriolosclerosis, characterized by thickened vessel walls and narrowed arterioles, is a key feature of cerebral small vessel disease.
  • This condition is prevalent in older adults, with greater severity in women and Black individuals, and is associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk.
  • The impact of arteriolosclerosis on overall brain macrostructure has not been previously explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the severity of brain arteriolosclerosis and in-vivo subcortical and cortical brain volumes.
  • To examine neurodegenerative changes in a large cohort of community-based older adults.

Main Methods:

  • 192 older adults from four longitudinal aging cohort studies were included.
  • In-vivo 3D T1-weighted MRI was used for brain imaging, with subcortical and cortical volumes segmented and normalized.
  • Postmortem brains were examined by a neuropathologist to assess arteriolosclerosis severity and other neuropathologies. Linear regression was used to analyze associations.

Main Results:

  • Increased severity of brain arteriolosclerosis was significantly associated with reduced volume in the middle temporal gyrus.
  • This association was independent of demographic factors and other common neuropathologies.
  • Volume reduction was observed even with mild arteriolosclerosis and became more pronounced with moderate and severe cases.

Conclusions:

  • Brain arteriolosclerosis is associated with specific neurodegenerative changes, particularly volume loss in the middle temporal gyrus.
  • The findings integrate in-vivo MRI with detailed neuropathological assessment.
  • This study demonstrates a clear link between arteriolosclerosis and temporal lobe neurodegeneration, independent of other pathologies.