Women's Issues and Female-specific Factors in Functional Neurological Disorder

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Neuroscience
• Psychiatry

Background:

• Functional neurological disorder (FND) predominantly impacts females, suggesting biological sex differences play a role.
• Both biological sex and gender identity can influence the presentation and progression of FND.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the historical context of sex and gender in FND.
• To discuss common comorbidities, hormonal influences, and reproductive factors relevant to FND.
• To outline future research directions for understanding sex and gender in FND.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing research on sex differences and gender-related factors in FND.
• Analysis of epidemiological data and clinical observations.
• Discussion of hormonal and reproductive health considerations.

Main Results:

• Evidence supports biological sex differences in FND onset and development.
• Gender identity and societal factors significantly impact FND experiences and management.
• Common comorbidities and hormonal/reproductive factors require further investigation.

Conclusions:

• Acknowledging sex and gender differences is crucial for comprehensive FND research and clinical practice.
• Future research should focus on elucidating the specific mechanisms underlying sex and gender influences in FND.
• Personalized approaches considering individual sex and gender are essential for effective FND treatment.