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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

A Video Surveillance System to Monitor Breeding Colonies of Common Terns Sterna Hirundo

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Published on: July 22, 2018

Potential Interactions Between Birds And Floating Photovoltaic Solar Energy: Spatially Informed Species

Allison D Binley¹, Adam Gallaher², Amanda D Rodewald^1,2

¹Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology

|December 23, 2025

Summary

Floating photovoltaics (FPV) pose risks to avian biodiversity, particularly near coasts and Great Lakes. Strategic siting can mitigate bird impacts without sacrificing energy generation, benefiting ecosystems and recreation.

Keywords:

biodiversity citizen science collision conservation planning northeastern United States renewable energy technical potential waterbirds

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Published on: March 2, 2021

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Ecology
Renewable Energy

Background:

Floating photovoltaics (FPV) offer terrestrial environmental benefits but their freshwater ecosystem impacts, especially on avian biodiversity, are understudied.
Assessing FPV interactions with birds is crucial for sustainable renewable energy development.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the potential risks of FPV installations to avian biodiversity in the northeastern United States.
To develop a framework for proactive risk assessment and identify strategies for minimizing adverse impacts on birds.

Main Methods:

Modeled FPV technical potential and utilized eBird participatory science data for 291 bird species.
Developed an avian vulnerability index incorporating morphological traits, conservation status, and habitat needs.
Assessed FPV risk to birds based on vulnerability and relative abundance at suitable waterbodies.

Main Results:

The highest risks were identified at waterbodies near the Atlantic coast and Great Lakes, with 80% of high-risk sites being smaller waterbodies.
Avian risk was not correlated with estimated energy generation potential.
Avoiding high-risk waterbodies for FPV installation may offer social, recreational, and ecological co-benefits.

Conclusions:

A proactive framework for evaluating FPV risks to avian biodiversity is presented.
Strategic FPV siting can minimize negative impacts on birds, potentially without compromising energy goals.
Sustainable FPV development can be achieved by considering avian vulnerability and ecological co-benefits.