Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

11.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.6K
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

524
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
524
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

676
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
676
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

2.5K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.5K
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

64.7K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
64.7K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

2.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multimorbidity burden and patterns associated with DeepBrainNet-derived brain-age gap in dementia-free older adults: A community-based study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

The mitochondria-targeting compound PTC299 enhances megakaryocyte and platelet production.

Stem cells translational medicine·2026
Same author

Individual and composite sociodemographic inequalities in treatment, survival, and survival improvement in glioblastoma: An observational study.

Medicine·2026
Same author

The association between brain oscillatory activity and immediate memory under different magnetoencephalography paradigms: A population-based study.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

Genomic determinants and an exploratory prognostic model for immunotherapy outcomes in recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer.

The oncologist·2026
Same author

Comparative analysis of genomic profiles and clinical outcomes in cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Patient-derived forebrain cortical organoids reveal biphasic tau-MAP6-microtubule axis dysfunction in tauopathy.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Genetic architecture of the limbic white matter microstructure in aging and Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Greater choroid plexus volume is linked to poor sleep, neurodegeneration, and cognitive deficits in older adults: Evidence from the IGNITE Study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Plasma-based neurobiological protein biomarkers as predictors of dementia progression: Insights from longitudinal aging study in India - Diagnostic assessment of dementia.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Neuropathology-specific language features in primary progressive aphasia.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Dementia blood biomarkers in the context of post-stroke cognitive outcomes: Systematic review and evidence synthesis.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Yifei Ren1,2,3,4, Xiaodong Han5, Lin Song1,2,3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multimorbidity in older adults is linked to brain atrophy and covert vascular brain injury (VBI). These changes include reduced gray and white matter volumes and increased markers of small vessel disease.

More Related Videos

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K
A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • The impact of multimorbidity on brain structure and covert vascular brain injury (VBI) in aging populations is not well understood.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for developing targeted interventions for cognitive health in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between multimorbidity, brain structural changes, and covert VBI in older adults.
  • To identify specific patterns of multimorbidity associated with brain alterations.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based study involving 1,264 dementia-free participants aged 60 years and older.
  • Hierarchical clustering was used to define multimorbidity clusters from 23 chronic diseases.
  • Brain MRI was utilized to assess global and regional brain volumes, and markers of VBI, including lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, enlarged perivascular spaces, and white matter hyperintensities.

Main Results:

  • Multimorbidity was associated with reduced gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume (WMV), and increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume.
  • Significant associations were found between multimorbidity and atrophy in AD-related brain regions, such as the precuneus and fusiform gyrus.
  • Increased prevalence of VBI markers, including lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, and white matter hyperintensities, was observed in individuals with multimorbidity.

Conclusions:

  • Structural brain alterations in older adults with multimorbidity are characterized by global brain atrophy.
  • These alterations include atrophy in Alzheimer's disease-related brain regions and the presence of covert vascular brain injury.
  • Specific multimorbidity clusters, such as metabolic and cardiac-musculoskeletal, showed significant relationships with brain atrophy and VBI markers.