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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Allison C Engstrom1, Arunima Kapoor1, Shubir Dutt2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitively healthy older adults exhibit significantly reduced spontaneous cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) compared to younger adults. This decline in CVR may signal early cerebrovascular changes preceding cognitive impairment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is crucial for regulating brain blood flow.
  • Reduced CVR may indicate vascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment risk.
  • Understanding age-related CVR changes is vital, but prior findings are mixed, and resting CVR is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare spontaneous cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) at rest between healthy older and younger adults.
  • To investigate age-related differences in whole-brain and regional CVR.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited healthy older (n=129, mean age 70) and younger (n=24, mean age 22) adults.
  • Utilized pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI and capnography to measure cerebral perfusion and etCO2 at rest.
  • Compared whole-brain and regional spontaneous CVR using ANCOVA and voxel-based morphometry (VBM).

Main Results:

  • Older adults showed significantly diminished whole-brain spontaneous CVR compared to younger adults (p < 0.000000000057).
  • Reduced spontaneous CVR was observed in most brain regions of older adults, notably the medial temporal lobe.
  • Voxel-based morphometry identified regional clusters with significantly lower CVR in older adults.

Conclusions:

  • Healthy older adults have reduced spontaneous CVR at rest compared to younger adults.
  • These findings suggest cerebrovascular function changes may occur early, potentially before cognitive decline.
  • Spontaneous CVR may serve as a biomarker for age-related cognitive decline, warranting further age-range investigation.