Intraindividual cognitive function course over time in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Rheumatology
• Psychiatry

Background:

• Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common manifestation of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
• Understanding the longitudinal course of CI in SLE is crucial for patient management.
• This study investigates the 1-year trajectory of CI in SLE patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize the 1-year course of cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
• To identify factors associated with the persistence of CI over a 12-month period in SLE patients.

Main Methods:

• 175 adult SLE patients were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 months using the American College of Rheumatology Neuropsychological Battery.
• Cognitive impairment (CI) was classified as persistent, fluctuating, or never-CI based on standardized z-scores.
• Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and medication data were collected to identify associated factors.

Main Results:

• Over 1 year, 46% of SLE patients experienced CI, with 17% persistent and 29% fluctuating.
• Persistent CI was associated with more severe impairment compared to fluctuating CI.
• Factors linked to persistent CI included Black race, older age at diagnosis, divorced/separated status, and higher disease damage.

Conclusions:

• Cognitive impairment in SLE patients exhibits a variable course, with a majority showing a stable pattern over one year.
• Sociodemographic factors and comorbidities play a significant role in the persistence of CI in SLE.