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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

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A flexible photoacoustic retinal prosthesis.

Audrey Leong1, Yueming Li2, Thijs R Ruikes1

  • 1Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France.

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|December 23, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed a novel photoacoustic retinal stimulation technology using a flexible film to precisely activate retinal cells. This breakthrough offers a promising new avenue for restoring vision in patients with degenerative retinal diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Photoreceptor degenerative diseases are a primary cause of irreversible blindness.
  • Current treatments for these conditions are limited, creating a need for innovative solutions.
  • Retinal prostheses offer a potential method for sight restoration by stimulating remaining retinal cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel photoacoustic retinal stimulation technology.
  • To assess the precision and efficacy of this technology in modulating neural activity within the retina.
  • To investigate the potential of this method for visual restoration in degenerative retinal diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a flexible polydimethylsiloxane and carbon-based film.
  • Conversion of near-infrared laser pulses into localized acoustic fields for cell stimulation.
  • Testing of the photoacoustic stimulation on ex vivo rat retinae (wild-type and degenerated).
  • In vivo assessment of neural modulation in subretinally implanted rats using functional ultrasound imaging.

Main Results:

  • The photoacoustic film achieved a lateral resolution of 51 µm, enabling precise stimulation.
  • Photoacoustic stimulation effectively modulated retinal ganglion cell activity in both healthy and diseased retinae.
  • Subretinal implantation and laser stimulation in rats induced neural modulation along the visual pathway.
  • The implant demonstrated biosafety with minimal local temperature increase (<1°C) and no short-term adverse effects.

Conclusions:

  • Photoacoustic retinal stimulation is a viable technology for precise neural modulation.
  • This approach shows significant potential for restoring high-acuity vision in individuals with blindness due to retinal degeneration.
  • The developed flexible film is safe and effective for subretinal implantation and stimulation.