Flupyradifurone-induced stress effects on Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)

The effects on biological traits and population parameters, as well as the induction of detoxification enzyme activity and gene upregulation were determined following exposure of S. furcifera to sublethal and lethal concentrations (LC₁₀, LC₃₀, LC₅₀, LC₇₀) of flupyradifurone. In F₀, flupyradifurone did not significantly affect fecundity or adult developmental period, but cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity was significantly induced by LC₃₀, LC₅₀, LC₇₀, and more than ten P450 genes (e.g., CYP6AX3, CYP6CW4, CYP418A2) were upregulated across concentrations, supporting the predicted detoxification response. In F₁, consistent with a transgenerational effect, parental exposure at LC₅₀ and LC₇₀ significantly prolonged development (1st, 3rd, and 5th instars), increased total preoviposition period (TPOP) and mean generation time (T), and reduced the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ). Fecundity remained unaffected. Together, these results indicate that flupyradifurone can suppress S. furcifera population growth via transgenerational impacts on development and demography while concurrently inducing P450-mediated detoxification. These findings suggest that flupyradifurone is a valuable tool but should be deployed within integrated pest management: rotate with different modes of action, limit consecutive applications, and combine with non-chemical tactics and resistance monitoring to preserve long-term efficacy.