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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Shilpa Kumari1,2, Rahul Renukadas Deshmukh3

  • 1Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, punjab, India.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ceftriaxone and minocycline combination therapy shows significant neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive and memory decline.
  • Key hallmarks of AD include beta-amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein tangles.
  • Pathogenic mechanisms involve excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter deficits, and neuroinflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuroprotective potential of ceftriaxone and minocycline in an experimental model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
  • To evaluate the combined therapeutic effects of ceftriaxone and minocycline against streptozotocin-induced neurodegeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental sporadic Alzheimer's disease was induced in rats via intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) administration.
  • Spatial and non-spatial memory were assessed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Object Recognition Test (ORT).
  • Rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg) alone or in combination with minocycline (50 mg/kg) for 7 days.

Main Results:

  • ICV-STZ administration induced cognitive deficits, increased oxidative stress markers, and degenerative changes in the hippocampus and cortex.
  • Combined treatment with ceftriaxone and minocycline significantly attenuated STZ-induced memory decline and oxidative stress.
  • The combination therapy effectively prevented neuronal loss in the hippocampus and cortex.

Conclusions:

  • Ceftriaxone and minocycline exhibit a synergistic neuroprotective effect in mitigating cognitive and memory impairments.
  • This combination therapy holds promise for managing Alzheimer's disease symptoms and progression.