Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

11.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.6K
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

524
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
524
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

676
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
676
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

2.5K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.5K
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

64.7K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
64.7K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

2.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Biomarkers of angiogenesis in Alzheimer's disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same author

STING inhibits viral lytic reactivation and cell growth in primary effusion lymphoma.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Using completion time on a forced choice trial of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised (HVLT-R) to measure engagement in a mixed clinical sample.

Applied neuropsychology. Adult·2026
Same author

Elevated levels of circulating plasma sPDGFRβ in cognitively impaired APOE4 carriers.

GeroScience·2026
Same author

Endorsement of artificial intelligence guidelines across leading endocrinology journals: a cross-sectional analysis.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

Seco-Duocarmycin SA Augments the Impact of Proton Radiation on Human Glioblastoma Cells.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Unveiling the procoagulant state in Alzheimer's disease: A novel PET imaging strategy.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Estimated labor market outcomes of people progressing from preclinical to early-stage Alzheimer's disease in the United States.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Amyloid exacerbates tau and alpha-synuclein pathologies, behavioral impairments, and neuroinflammation in a mixed dementia model.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Multimorbidity burden and patterns associated with DeepBrainNet-derived brain-age gap in dementia-free older adults: A community-based study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Reply to "Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities".

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Trevor Lohman1, Fatemah Shenasa2, Isabel Sible3

  • 1Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High blood pressure variability, specifically increased average real variability (ARV) and ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI), is linked to neurodegeneration markers in older adults. This combined hemodynamic instability exacerbates medial temporal lobe atrophy and increases neurofilament light levels.

More Related Videos

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K
A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Blood pressure variability (BPV) is an established risk factor for age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
  • The distinct and interactive effects of different BPV measures on brain health remain incompletely understood.
  • Elevated pulse pressure variability alongside high beat-to-beat variability may signal hemodynamic instability, potentially worsening neurodegeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interactive effects of two distinct blood pressure variability measures on neurodegenerative markers in older adults.
  • To examine the association between average real variability (ARV) and ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) with medial temporal lobe atrophy and specific biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • 105 older adults underwent continuous blood pressure monitoring and brain MRI.
  • Beat-to-beat blood pressure variability was quantified using systolic average real variability (ARV) and ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI).
  • The interactive impact of ARV and AASI on medial temporal lobe atrophy, plasma neurofilament light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • A significant interaction between higher ARV and higher AASI was associated with reduced hippocampal and entorhinal cortex volumes.
  • This interaction term correlated with left-sided medial temporal lobe atrophy, confirmed by region of interest and voxel-based morphometry analyses.
  • The combined effect of high ARV and AASI was significantly linked to elevated plasma NfL levels, but not GFAP.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between elevated ARV and AASI independently predicts increased neurodegenerative markers in community-dwelling older adults.
  • Individuals exhibiting both high ARV and high AASI demonstrated the most pronounced markers of medial temporal lobe neurodegeneration.
  • These findings highlight the detrimental impact of combined hemodynamic instability on brain health in aging populations.