Recent advances in chemotherapy and targeted therapies for breast sarcoma

Breast sarcomas (BS) are considerably less prevalent than breast carcinomas. Nevertheless, they are often aggressive, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite advances and the introduction of targeted therapies, the treatment continues to rely on cytotoxic chemotherapy. Given their rarity, this review comprehensively examines recent developments in BS therapies and explores how novel treatments may be integrated into the current standard of care. It also highlights emerging trends in adjuvant treatment for localized disease and targeted therapies for specific histologic subtypes in metastatic cases.

This review synthesizes recent developments in BS and integrates novel therapies into the existing treatment paradigm. It underscores the heterogeneity among BS subtypes and discusses emerging trends in adjuvant therapies and targeted agents. Current literature was reviewed by a systematic search using PubMed, focusing on high-impact clinical trials, guidelines, and recent reviews published up to January 2025.

Although there is a growing understanding of genomic abnormalities associated with specific sarcoma subtypes, this knowledge has yet to be fully applied to personalized treatment strategies. Future research should focus on integrating genomic insights, enhancing trial design to improve patient's outcome. Robust interdisciplinary collaboration - combined with real-world data collection - is critical in improving treatment outcomes.