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Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins

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Advances in fungal vaccine development: Progress in the face of emerging challenges

Munika Moses1, Xinhua Huang1, Xinying Xue2

  • 1Joint Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Innovation, The Unit of Pathogenic Fungal Infection & Host Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.

Iscience
|December 24, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Fungal infections are increasing due to drug resistance and vulnerable populations. Novel antifungal vaccines are needed, with innovative strategies showing promise for future development.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Fungal diseases are a growing global health concern, exacerbated by increasing antifungal resistance.
  • Immunocompromised individuals in healthcare settings are particularly vulnerable to severe fungal infections.
  • Current antifungal treatments are becoming less effective due to pathogen resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of fungal vaccine development.
  • To identify key challenges hindering the clinical application of antifungal vaccines.
  • To propose novel strategies for advancing antifungal vaccine research.

Main Methods:

  • Consolidation of data on progress in fungal vaccine development.
  • Analysis of obstacles to clinical realization of antifungal vaccines.
  • Exploration of innovative strategies including bioinformatics, nanotechnology, and reverse vaccinology.

Main Results:

  • Despite progress, no fungal vaccines have received FDA approval.
  • Antifungal resistance and immunocompromised populations present significant challenges.
  • Emerging strategies offer potential solutions for developing effective antifungal vaccines.

Conclusions:

  • Novel, effective, and tolerable antifungal therapies are urgently required.
  • Innovative approaches like bioinformatics, nanotechnology, and probiotic-vaccine synergies show promise.
  • Further research is essential to overcome current obstacles and advance fungal vaccine development.
Keywords:
ImmunologyMedical microbiologyMycologymicrobiology

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