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Related Concept Videos

Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

1.5K
Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

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The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

3.5K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
3.5K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:22

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
2.2K
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

1.2K
Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
1.2K
Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

4.1K
The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
4.1K

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First Central Asian Forum on Lung Cancer.

Jandos Amankulov1,2, David F Yankelevitz3,4,5, Amangeldi Mukhamejan1

  • 1Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

JTO Clinical and Research Reports
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Central Asian experts convened to tackle late-stage lung cancer diagnosis. They explored tailored screening programs, including low-dose CT (LDCT) scans, to improve early detection and treatment in the region.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

Keywords:
Early detectionEnvironmental riskLow-dose CTLung cancerScreening

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  • Late-stage lung cancer diagnosis is a significant challenge in Central Asia, with over 70% of patients presenting with advanced disease.
  • High smoking rates and environmental factors (radon, asbestos, industrial pollution) contribute to lung cancer risk.
  • Geographic variations in risk necessitate region-specific early detection strategies.