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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

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Diversity in cardiothoracic surgery: are we making progress?

Marc R Moon1

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Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Achieving diversity in cardiothoracic surgery requires active strategies. Concerted efforts in recruitment, mentorship, and sponsorship are crucial for fostering a more inclusive and representative surgical specialty.

Keywords:
EqualityEquityInclusionUnderrepresented in medicineWomen in surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiothoracic Surgery
  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Workforce Diversity

Background:

  • Cardiothoracic surgery has historically been a male-dominated medical specialty.
  • Progress in gender diversity has been notably slow since the inception of the field.
  • Recent initiatives aim to enhance the specialty's appeal to a broader range of trainees.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the necessity of proactive measures for achieving diversity in cardiothoracic surgery.
  • To emphasize the importance of recruitment, mentorship, support, and sponsorship in cultivating future leaders.
  • To underscore the applicability of these principles to both gender and racial/ethnic diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical trends in cardiothoracic surgery diversity.
  • Analysis of current strategies to promote inclusivity.
  • Examination of programs designed to encourage underrepresented groups.

Main Results:

  • Cardiothoracic surgery exhibits persistent underrepresentation across gender, racial, and ethnic lines.
  • Targeted programs, such as the American Association for Thoracic Surgery Medical Student Diversity Scholarship, show promising early outcomes.
  • A structured approach involving recruitment, mentorship, and sponsorship is essential for progress.

Conclusions:

  • Diversity in cardiothoracic surgery is not an automatic outcome but a result of deliberate, sustained efforts.
  • Leadership commitment and actionable programs are vital for creating long-term positive change.
  • The principles of mentorship and sponsorship are key to developing a diverse pipeline of future surgical leaders.