[The physiological function of PPARγ and its research progress in retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas]

Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas (RPS) represent a clinically challenging group of heterogeneous mesenchymal malignancies, predominantly comprising liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma subtypes. These tumors are characterized by aggressive biological behavior, high rates of local recurrence, and unfavorable clinical outcomes. The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) serves as a critical regulator of diverse physiological processes, including adipocyte differentiation, glucose/lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses, and immune homeostasis. Emerging evidence demonstrates that dysregulation of PPARγ signaling is closely associated with RPS pathogenesis, particularly in retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS), where PPARγ functional inactivation or aberrant expression correlates significantly with tumor grade and clinical progression. While preclinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of PPARγ agonists in suppressing tumor proliferation and inducing apoptosis, clinical translation has been limited by intertumoral heterogeneity in drug responsiveness and dose-limiting adverse effects. This review systematically examines the molecular biology of PPARγ and its emerging role in RPS pathobiology, with the aim of informing precision diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this complex disease entity.