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Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Susceptibility to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Initiation in
Jeremy Staff1, Jessica M Mongilio2, Mike Vuolo3
1Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States.
Summary
Cognitive susceptibility predicts electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) initiation in teens. Factors like perceived safety, peer use, and parental disapproval influence youth willingness to vape.
Area of Science:
- Adolescent Health
- Tobacco Control Research
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Cognitive susceptibility, or the intention and willingness to use, is a key predictor of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) initiation among nicotine-naïve youth.
- Understanding adolescent and family factors influencing this susceptibility is crucial for prevention efforts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine time-varying adolescent and family risk and protective factors associated with youth susceptibility to ENDS initiation.
- To identify malleable factors that can inform interventions aimed at preventing ENDS use among adolescents.
Main Methods:
- Utilized hybrid panel models on longitudinal data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study.
- Analyzed data from 16,142 nicotine-naïve youth (aged 12-17) across 7 survey waves (2015-2023), totaling 43,427 observations.
Main Results:
- Youth susceptibility to ENDS initiation was observed in 25.9% of longitudinal observations.
- Susceptibility increased with beliefs in ENDS safety/lower addictiveness, high weekly earnings, ease of purchase, problem behaviors, and parental/friend ENDS use.
- Susceptibility decreased with household vaping bans, perceived parental disapproval, and good academic performance. Girls showed higher susceptibility than boys.
Conclusions:
- Malleable risk factors for ENDS susceptibility include youth alcohol consumption, beliefs about ENDS safety, and peer ENDS use.
- Protective factors include household vaping bans and parental disapproval of ENDS use.
- Findings highlight targets for parental and public health interventions to reduce youth ENDS initiation.
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