Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

11.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.6K
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

524
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
524
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

676
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
676
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

2.5K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.5K
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

64.7K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
64.7K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

2.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Irisin promotes selective changes in hippocampal mitochondrial metabolism in mice.

Biochemistry and biophysics reports·2026
Same author

The landscape of dementia research, diagnosis, treatment, and care in Latin America.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Innate Immune Tolerance Regulates Microglia Response to Aβ Oligomers.

Journal of neurochemistry·2026
Same author

Biomarkers.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Biomarkers.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Gestational physical exercise prevents early-life behavioral impairments in the offspring of a rat model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Scientific reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Luana Heimfarth1, Felipe C Ribeiro1, Juliana T S Fortuna1

  • 1Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Irisin, an exercise hormone, protects against Alzheimer's disease (AD) by enhancing astrocyte function and boosting neurotrophic factors. This hormone therapy shows promise in mitigating cognitive decline and memory loss in AD models.

More Related Videos

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K
A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder causing cognitive impairment and memory loss.
  • Physical exercise and the hormone irisin show neuroprotective and pro-cognitive effects.
  • Irisin, derived from FNDC5, has demonstrated potential in protecting synapses and improving memory in AD mouse models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of irisin in astrocytes within the context of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology.
  • To explore irisin's effects on neurotrophic factors, integrin receptors, and MAPK activity in astrocytes.
  • To assess irisin's efficacy in an in vivo model of AD-induced cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Primary cortical astrocyte cultures were treated with irisin to analyze gene and protein expression (neurotrophic factors, integrin receptors, LDH5α) and MAPK activity.
  • C57BL/6 mice received intracerebroventricular infusions of amyloid-beta oligomers (AβOs) with or without irisin.
  • Hippocampal and frontal cortex tissues from treated mice were analyzed for neurotrophic factor expression via RT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • Irisin upregulated neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NGF, GDNF), α5 integrin subunits, and LDH5α in astrocytes, with transient ERK 1/2 activation.
  • In an AD mouse model, irisin treatment attenuated memory impairments.
  • In vivo, irisin increased hippocampal expression of BDNF, GDNF, and NGF.

Conclusions:

  • Irisin's protective effects against synaptotoxic AβOs in AD may involve the modulation of astrocyte-derived factors.
  • Irisin demonstrates therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease by influencing astrocyte signaling and neurotrophic support.
  • Further research into irisin-based therapies could offer new avenues for managing AD-related cognitive decline.