Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

11.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.6K
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

524
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
524
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

676
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
676
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

2.5K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.5K
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

64.7K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
64.7K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

2.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The mRNA Expression Levels of General Transcription Factors Altered in Alzheimer Cases Possibly Due to Amyloid Beta 1-42 Exposure.

Noro psikiyatri arsivi·2026
Same author

Increased plasma soluble TREM2 levels in non-Alzheimer's dementia.

Acta neurologica Belgica·2026
Same author

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Biomarkers.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Büşra Şengül1, Zuhal Yurttaş2, Tugay Çamoğlu3

  • 1Institute of Neurological Sciences, Department of Neuroimmunology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Overexpressing alpha-synuclein (SNCA) in human astrocytes modulated mitochondrial gene expression, suggesting a role in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. This SNCA effect on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes offers new insights into PD.

More Related Videos

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K
A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD).
  • Alpha-synuclein (α-syn), encoded by the SNCA gene, is implicated in PD pathology and translocates to mitochondria.
  • The precise role of α-syn within mitochondria requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory impact of SNCA gene overexpression on the expression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded genes.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms linking α-syn to mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of PD.

Main Methods:

  • Human astrocytes were transfected with a plasmid for SNCA gene overexpression or a MOCK plasmid as control.
  • RNA was isolated at 24 and 48 hours post-transfection for gene expression analysis.
  • Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to assess the expression of 13 mtDNA-encoded respiratory complex genes, 2 mitochondrial rRNA genes, and 3 mitochondrial tRNA genes.

Main Results:

  • SNCA overexpression led to a significant increase in MTND2 and MTtRNA3 expression at 24 hours post-transfection.
  • At 48 hours, SNCA overexpression significantly increased the mRNA levels of MTCYB, MTCO3, MTtRNA1, and MTD-loop compared to controls.
  • These findings demonstrate SNCA's ability to modulate the expression of specific mitochondrial genes.

Conclusions:

  • Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) overexpression influences the expression of mitochondrial genes, potentially contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD).
  • This study provides novel insights into the interaction between α-syn and mitochondrial gene regulation.
  • The results lay the groundwork for future research into α-syn's role in PD neurodegeneration.