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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Amanda Muliterno Domingues Lourenço de Lima1, Marco De Bastiani1, Wyllians Vendramini Borelli1

  • 1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gut microbiome alterations are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression in Brazilian elders. Fecal microbial changes were observed across cognitive stages, suggesting a role for the gut microbiome in aging and neurodegeneration.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Neuroscience
  • Aging studies

Background:

  • Longevity is influenced by genetics, lifestyle, and environment, which can alter microbiota.
  • Microbiota changes may impact susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline.
  • Hypothesis: Elderly microbiome composition correlates with AD clinical stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate oral and gut microbiota in a Brazilian long-lived population.
  • Examine the relationship between microbiota and cognitive impairment across the AD continuum.
  • Characterize microbial differences in cognitively unimpaired (CU), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Pilot study of 12 elderly individuals (>65 years) from a Brazilian longevity hotspot.
  • Clinical-cognitive assessment using Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3-V4 regions) of saliva and fecal samples, analyzed using DADA2 and SILVA for taxonomic assignment.

Main Results:

  • Similar alpha diversity across groups; reduced salivary richness in MCI.
  • Fecal PCoA showed distinct group separations (MCI/AD similar); saliva samples were more uniform.
  • Alterations in fecal phyla (Bacillota, Bacteroidota, Pseudomonadota) and genera (Bacteroides, Blautia, Faecalibacterium) in MCI/AD.
  • Elevated fecal Streptococcus exclusively in the AD group.
  • Salivary changes included Prevotellaceae, Streptococcaceae, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, and Neisseria in MCI/AD.

Conclusions:

  • Fecal microbiota shows clinical-stage-specific shifts along the AD continuum.
  • Salivary microbiota appears more stable, indicating distinct microbial adaptations.
  • Microbiome alterations are highlighted in aging and neurodegeneration, potentially influencing resilience.