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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Hadrien M Lalive1, Federica Ribaldi1,2, Augusto J Mendes1,2

  • 1Geneva Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) affects 29% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, showing similar cognitive function and AD biomarkers regardless of CAA probability. This highlights the need for further research on the Boston criteria in memory clinic settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) diagnosis is crucial for Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients undergoing anti-amyloid immunotherapy due to its association with amyloid-related imaging abnormalities.
  • The Boston criteria are standard for identifying probable CAA in memory clinics, but its prevalence and characteristics in cognitively impaired AD patients are not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of CAA in cognitively impaired, biomarker-confirmed AD patients using the updated Boston criteria (v2.0).
  • To compare cognitive, clinical, and biomarker profiles between AD patients with and without CAA.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 415 patients with probable AD (biomarker-confirmed) from a memory center database (June 2012 - July 2024).
  • MRI scans were reviewed by a radiologist and image analyst (blinded to clinical data), with diagnoses confirmed by a neurologist.
  • Patients were classified as high (AD-CAA) or low (AD-nCAA) probability for CAA using Boston criteria; characteristics were compared using statistical tests.

Main Results:

  • 29% of AD patients were classified as AD-CAA, while 71% were AD-nCAA.
  • Cognitive severity, global cognition, verbal episodic memory, and executive functions were comparable between AD-CAA and AD-nCAA groups.
  • AD-CAA patients were older, more likely to use antiplatelet therapy, and had higher cardiovascular disease prevalence, but similar cardiovascular risk factors and AD biomarker profiles.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of CAA in AD patients identified via Boston criteria was lower than pathology-based estimates.
  • AD patients in memory clinics may present similar cognitive profiles and AD biomarker patterns irrespective of their CAA probability.
  • Further research is essential to validate the application of the Boston criteria in memory clinic populations with AD.