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Respiratory Infant Mortality Rate by Month of Birth in Mexico
Alessandro Milán1,2, Juan C Cuevas-Tello1,3, Daniel E Noyola1,4
1Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosí 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
Background:
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major contributor to severe Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in infants worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The seasonal nature of RSV and other respiratory infections presents unique risks, especially for infants in low- and middle-income countries, such as Mexico, where comprehensive RSV surveillance is limited. This study aims to analyze respiratory infant mortality rates by month of birth across Mexico, with a focus on identifying high-risk periods and regional differences.
Methods:
National birth and mortality data from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía were analyzed for all infants born between April 2014 and March 2020. Respiratory mortality rates (based on ICD-10 J and U codes) were calculated by month of birth and examined across eight geographical regions in Mexico. Mortality trends were analyzed using descriptive statistics to assess seasonal and regional variations. A correlation analysis was conducted between respiratory mortality and confirmed RSV hospitalization data to assess the temporal relationship between increased mortality and epidemic activity of this virus.
Results:
A total of 12,604,902 live births were recorded in Mexico during the study period, with 8805 infant deaths attributed to respiratory causes, resulting in a respiratory infant mortality rate of 0.7 deaths per 1000 births. Mortality rates exhibited strong seasonal patterns, with infants born between September and November at higher risk of respiratory death, peaking in October. The highest mortality rates were observed in the South region, while the lowest rates were in the Northeast.
Conclusions:
These findings highlight the importance of implementing preventive strategies in Mexico that are aligned with regional RSV seasonality. Timing preventive interventions with regional and seasonal mortality trends should enhance the cost-effectiveness and impact of RSV immunization programs, ultimately reducing infant mortality nationwide.
Insights
Infants born in Mexico between September and November face higher respiratory mortality risks, peaking in October. Regional differences exist, with the South region showing the highest rates. This highlights the need for timely, region-specific preventive strategies.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe acute respiratory infections (ARI) in infants globally.
- Infant mortality from ARI is a significant concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Mexico.
- Limited RSV surveillance in Mexico necessitates understanding seasonal and regional mortality patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze monthly respiratory infant mortality rates across Mexico.
- To identify high-risk birth periods and geographical variations in infant mortality.
- To inform the timing and targeting of preventive interventions for RSV.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of national birth and mortality data (April 2014-March 2020).
- Calculation of respiratory mortality rates by month of birth and region.
- Correlation analysis with RSV hospitalization data to assess temporal relationships.
Main Results:
- Over 12.6 million births and 8805 respiratory infant deaths were recorded.
- A respiratory infant mortality rate of 0.7 deaths per 1000 births was observed.
- Infants born September-November had the highest risk, with peak mortality in October; the South region had the highest rates.
Conclusions:
- Preventive strategies in Mexico should align with regional RSV seasonality.
- Targeting interventions based on seasonal and regional mortality trends can improve cost-effectiveness.
- Optimizing RSV immunization programs can reduce nationwide infant mortality.
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