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Increasing Prevalence and Temporal Trend of Prematurity, São Paulo, Brazil, 2000-2023

Adriana Gonçalves de Oliveira1, João Batista Francalino da Rocha1, Edige Felipe de Sousa Santos2,3

  • 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André 09060-650, Brazil.

Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 24, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Premature birth rates in São Paulo, Brazil, increased by 2.30% annually from 2000-2023. This trend, particularly in higher birth weight infants, signals a growing public health concern requiring attention.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Perinatal Health

Background:

  • Premature birth is a major global health issue, especially in developing nations like Brazil.
  • High infant mortality rates in Brazil are significantly driven by prematurity.
  • Premature newborns necessitate extensive medical care and specialized follow-up.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and temporal trends of premature live births in São Paulo, Brazil.
  • To analyze prematurity rates between 2000 and 2023.

Main Methods:

  • Ecological, time-series study utilizing secondary data from São Paulo, Brazil (2000-2023).
  • Annual Percentage Change and Average Annual Percentage Change were calculated using Joinpoint regression.

Main Results:

  • The overall prematurity rate was 9.71% from 2000-2023, with an average annual increase of 2.30%.
  • Significant increases were observed in prenatal consultations (4.51% annually) and cesarean sections (2.68% annually).
  • Premature births increased by 2.50% annually in infants weighing ≥2500g, with all sex, pregnancy, and delivery types showing increases.

Conclusions:

  • A sustained upward trend in prematurity is projected for São Paulo, Brazil.
  • The rising prematurity rate presents a significant, long-term public health challenge.
Abstract

Keywords:
premature birthpremature laborpremature newbornspatiotemporal analysis

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