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Peroxisomes, PPARs, and Their Role in Macrophages
Anggi Muhtar Pratama1,2, Heike Bömmel1, Hevi Wihadmadyatami3
1Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
Cells
|December 24, 2025
Summary
Macrophages shift function (polarize) to M1 or M2 states, impacting inflammation and repair. Peroxisomes and PPARs are key regulators of macrophage functions, offering therapeutic targets for immune disorders.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Metabolism
Background:
- Macrophages are crucial immune cells with adaptable functions.
- Macrophage polarization into M1 (inflammatory) and M2 (repair) phenotypes is central to immune responses.
- Cellular components like peroxisomes and PPARs are altered during polarization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the functional roles of peroxisomes and PPARs in macrophage biology.
- To focus on adaptive mechanisms of peroxisomes and PPARs in macrophages.
- To explore therapeutic potential for immune-related disorders.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of macrophage polarization.
- Analysis of peroxisome and PPAR functions in immune cells.
- Examination of adaptive mechanisms in macrophage biology.
Main Results:
- Peroxisomes and PPARs are integral to macrophage functions.
- These components mediate inflammation, reduce oxidative stress, and regulate lipid metabolism.
- Polarization significantly impacts peroxisome and PPAR activity.
Conclusions:
- Understanding peroxisome and PPAR roles in macrophage polarization is vital.
- Targeting these pathways may offer novel treatments for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
- Insights can advance therapies for metabolic and neurodegenerative conditions.
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