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Posterior Cortical Atrophy: Altered Language Processing System Connectivity and Its Implications on Language

Neha Singh-Reilly1, Ryota Satoh1, Hiroyuki Watanabe2

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Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) disrupts language network connectivity, particularly within language and perceptual networks. This breakdown impacts sentence repetition performance in PCA patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neurology

Background:

  • Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) primarily causes visual decline but can also feature significant language impairments.
  • The precise nature of language processing disruptions in PCA remains incompletely understood.
  • Existing research has touched upon language connectivity issues in PCA, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional connectivity of the language processing system in patients with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA).
  • To compare language network connectivity between PCA patients and cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals.
  • To explore the relationship between language network connectivity, clinical language performance, and gray matter volumes in PCA.

Main Methods:

  • Functional connectivity analysis of the language processing system (language, perceptual, motor, cognitive networks) in 37 PCA patients and 39 CU individuals.
  • Linear regression was used to compare within- and between-network connectivity.
  • Assessment of correlations between language network connectivity, clinical performance, and gray matter volumes.

Main Results:

  • PCA patients exhibited reduced within-network connectivity in language and perceptual networks compared to CU individuals.
  • Reduced between-network connectivity was observed in PCA patients.
  • Regional connectivity breakdown within the language network was identified, notably affecting Broca-Wernicke, Wernicke-middle frontal gyrus, and Wernicke-frontal orbital gyrus connections, correlating with poorer sentence repetition.

Conclusions:

  • The findings confirm a breakdown in language network connectivity in PCA, extending to the regional level within the language network.
  • Reduced connectivity within the perceptual network and its association with language network disruptions suggest broader impacts on the language processing system in PCA.
  • While overall language network connectivity did not correlate with clinical performance, specific regional breakdowns were linked to deficits in sentence repetition, highlighting targeted language processing impairments.