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Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

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Published on: April 16, 2014

Exploring the Bidirectional Relationship Between Numerical Cognition and Motor Performance: A Systematic Review.

Eliane Rached^1,2, Jihan Allaw^1,2, Joy Khayat¹

¹Laboratory of Motor System, Handicap and Rehabilitation (MOHAR), Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon.

|December 24, 2025

Summary

Number processing and motor skills interact, with numbers often improving movement and actions influencing numerical understanding. This suggests shared brain networks are involved.

Keywords:

arithmetic embodied cognition mental calculation motor function motor performance numerical cognition

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Motor Control
Human Performance

Background:

Numerical cognition and motor performance share overlapping neural systems.
The precise nature of their reciprocal interaction is not fully understood.
Investigating this interplay is crucial for understanding cognitive-motor links.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review how number processing affects motor execution.
To examine how motor activity influences numerical cognition.
To emphasize the underlying neural mechanisms of these associations.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search across multiple databases (Scopus, PubMed, etc.) up to August 2025.
Inclusion of experimental studies on numerical cognition and motor performance in healthy adults.
Independent screening, data extraction, and quality assessment by two reviewers following PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines.

Main Results:

Twelve studies met inclusion criteria, predominantly showing numerical stimuli facilitate motor responses.
Congruent number-movement pairings led to faster reactions and improved kinematics.
Mental calculation enhanced motor output, but high cognitive load caused interference; motor actions biased numerical judgments.

Conclusions:

Evidence indicates a facilitative pattern, likely due to shared cognitive and motor resources.
Findings enhance theoretical models of cognitive-motor integration.
Results suggest potential applications in education, sports, and neurorehabilitation.