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Bias

Bias

Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...

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The Role of Culture

The Role of Culture

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Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

Cultural Biases and Clinical Variation.

Óscar Gasulla^1,2, Antonio Sarría-Santamera³, Ferran A Mazaira-Font⁴

¹Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.

Clinics and Practice

|December 24, 2025

Summary

Cultural biases may explain variations in women's and psychiatric disease diagnoses. This study suggests cultural taboos and gender biases contribute to unexplained clinical variation, impacting healthcare equity.

Keywords:

clinical biases clinical variation healthcare quality social stigma

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Area of Science:

Health Services Research
Medical Sociology
Public Health

Background:

Investigates the influence of cultural biases on clinical variation in healthcare.
Examines potential disparities in disease diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if cultural factors contribute to unexplained clinical variation.
To analyze diagnostic incidence across different disease categories and geographical regions.

Main Methods:

Retrospective cohort study using a Spanish primary care database.
Cross-sectional analysis of diagnostic incidence and coefficient of variation (CV).
Multivariate linear regression adjusted for socio-demographics and healthcare system proxies.

Main Results:

No significant variability found between generic and specialized diseases.
Women's and psychiatric diseases exhibited consistently higher CVs (p < 0.05).
20-30% of clinical variation in these groups remained unexplained.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest cultural taboos and gender biases may drive unjustified clinical variation.
Cultural bias is a plausible explanatory factor for observed healthcare disparities.
Further research is needed to establish causality and address inequities.