Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.6K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.6K
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

27.1K
Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
27.1K
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

17.8K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
17.8K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

39.5K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
39.5K
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

3.2K
3.2K
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

29.7K
Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
29.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

c-FLIP as a master regulator of immune homeostasis and disease mechanisms.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same author

Host transcriptomic analysis reveals a defective intracellular environment that limits SARS-CoV-2 replication in CFTR-deficient airway epithelium.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology·2026
Same author

When viruses meet cystic fibrosis: Insights into host-pathogen dynamics.

Microbiological research·2026
Same author

Chromosomal-level assembly of Magnusiomyces clavatus: novel genetic insights on an emerging fungal pathogen.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)·2025
Same author

An Italian Single-Center Genomic Surveillance Study: Two-Year Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Mutations.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Rapid Response and Containment of an NDM-Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae Outbreak in a Hematology Ward: Case Study from an Italian Hospital.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells
10:34

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells

Published on: December 9, 2022

5.1K

Beyond the Spike Glycoprotein: Mutational Signatures in SARS-CoV-2 Structural Proteins.

Emil Tonon1,2, Riccardo Cecchetto1,2, Virginia Lotti1

  • 1Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Division of Microbiology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.

Infectious Disease Reports
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Italy identified 18 key mutations in structural proteins. This research highlights the importance of ongoing monitoring to understand viral evolution and public health threats.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2genomic surveillancemutational analysisstructural proteinwhole genome sequencing

More Related Videos

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
13:00

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: June 14, 2022

2.7K
Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
08:40

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

59.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells
10:34

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells

Published on: December 9, 2022

5.1K
Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
13:00

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: June 14, 2022

2.7K
Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
08:40

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

59.6K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants pose significant public health challenges.
  • Genomic surveillance using next-generation sequencing (NGS) is crucial for tracking viral evolution.
  • Understanding mutations in structural proteins (E, M, N) is key to monitoring variants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze mutations in SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins (E, M, N) during routine genomic surveillance.
  • To identify and characterize mutations with a prevalence greater than 1% in the study cohort.
  • To classify mutation dynamics (fixed, emerging, transient) and assess their significance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes from February 2022 to March 2024 in Verona, Italy.
  • Focus on mutations within the envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins.
  • Inclusion criteria: substitutions with >1% prevalence in the dataset.

Main Results:

  • 178 mutations identified across E, M, and N proteins; 18 met the inclusion threshold.
  • Mutations were categorized by temporal dynamics: fixed, emerging, and transient.
  • Several mutations showed potential structural/functional relevance, while others remain uncharacterized.

Conclusions:

  • Detected mutational patterns align with global SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary trends.
  • Emphasizes the critical role of continuous genomic surveillance.
  • Recommends integrated experimental studies to elucidate the impact of novel mutations.